The United Nations Group of Experts has delivered a damning verdict: the M23 rebel coalition stands accused of committing the most severe violations of international humanitarian law in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The June 11, 2026 report documents systematic atrocities attributed to the M23, including mass executions, village razings, and the deliberate destruction of livelihoods in Bwito and Bwisha chiefdoms within Rutshuru territory. Humanitarian blockades in Minembwe have cut off Banyamulenge communities from essential supplies, exacerbating an already dire crisis.

Unprecedented Sexual Violence

The UN’s findings highlight a horrifying surge in conflict-related sexual violence, with M23 fighters identified as the primary perpetrators. Since 2024, reported cases have reached levels described as “unprecedented,” disproportionately affecting women and girls across the region.

A Complex Conflict Landscape

While the M23 bears the brunt of allegations, the report does not absolve state actors. The FARDC (Congolese Armed Forces) are cited as the main government force responsible for violations, underscoring the multi-layered nature of the conflict. This nuanced assessment challenges narratives that portray the crisis as solely an external aggression.

The revelations come amid escalating tensions and underscore the urgent need for accountability and international intervention to protect civilians and restore stability in the embattled region.