A turbulent weekend in Mali ended with Africa Corps withdrawing from Kidal, a northern city that had served as its operational headquarters for nearly two years. The withdrawal followed coordinated attacks by Tuareg rebels and jihadist factions targeting Malian military positions across Bamako and other key regions.

Moscow’s shadow army now faces scrutiny after losing control of a territory it had held since 2024. While the group maintains a presence in neighboring countries, its operations in Mali appear increasingly vulnerable amid shifting alliances.

From Wagner to Africa Corps: a new chapter in Russian military influence

Africa Corps emerged publicly in late 2023, following the turbulent demise of Wagner Group. Russian officials confirmed its creation through military blogs and Kremlin-linked military analysts, with direct oversight from Deputy Defense Minister Yunus-bek Yevkurov. Unlike its predecessor, Africa Corps operates with stricter command structures and reduced media visibility.

Strategic goals behind the new military force

Russian military strategists have outlined Africa Corps’ primary objectives: to conduct large-scale military operations across Africa, assist governments in breaking free from neo-colonial dependencies, and counter Western influence. Analysts note the group’s focus on securing mineral resources and controlling migration routes in the Sahel.

Expanding footprint across West Africa

Africa Corps has been steadily establishing itself beyond Mali’s borders. Since its formation, the group has deployed forces in Burkina Faso, Libya, Sudan, Central African Republic, and Niger. While its operations are less overtly violent than Wagner’s, international observers have documented multiple human rights violations linked to Africa Corps’ activities.

Mali: the heart of Africa Corps’ African operations

Africa Corps took over Wagner’s Malian operations in 2024, inheriting hundreds of fighters and military infrastructure. The group has played a crucial role in propping up Mali’s current junta, which came to power through a 2020 coup. As Western powers like France withdraw from the region, Africa Corps has positioned itself as Moscow’s key ally in maintaining influence over Bamako’s military leadership.

International condemnation and sanctions

Despite its lower profile, Africa Corps has not escaped international scrutiny. In 2024, the United Kingdom imposed sanctions on the group for alleged widespread human rights abuses and exploitation of natural resources across Africa. Western governments continue to monitor its expansion in the Sahel region.